Due to an inability to get my grandpa’s scanner to work (and this is because of his computer, not my “special” technical abilities) I posted a chart above. It’s exactly the same kind I would use for flying but it’s of some place that I have never been. To give you an idea of what I do on a cross country, I drew on it and will go on to explain in great detail exactly how to plan a cross country. It really is as confusing as it looks, that’s not unusual or made more difficult by my drawing on it.
So, to begin… an update. Yesterday, as many of you know, was my birthday. Let me tell you about my day. The weather was scheduled to be decent, so Courtney decided it was high time for me to do my solo cross country. The definition of a cross country trip is actually just “landing at any airport other than your own” but to take your final checkride to get your pilot’s license, you must take two solo cross country’s. One is of a distance of 50 NM between takeoff and landing locations and one is of 150 NM (and 3 full stop landings at 3 different airports). So, there is a lot of planning involved in a cross-country… that said (and before I get into detail) let me finish my commentary on my day of birth. So, I wake up at 7:30 a.m. (just imagine the fun) and I call the weather service to ask about the weather for the day. Basically it’s a bunch of people who hang around in a weather center and answer phone calls. They tell you what the fronts are doing, low/high pressure zones, winds at your airport, winds in the air, temperature, dewpoint, cloud coverage, and so on and so forth. So I got my information, called my instructor when the weather looked good, and we decided to meet in about 40 minutes at the airport. So, I get dressed and I’m on my way…
God Forsaken Streets in the Middle of Nowhere: Right before I get off my god forsaken street in the middle of nowhere to get onto the highway that leads to the airport, I hear this noise– lo and behold, my tire had blown up. Now, I know this is very stereotypical girl of me, but I have no idea how to change a flat tire. I mean, I could do it if forced, or at least I could try… it’s not rocket science, but given the choice- I’d rather somebody else do it. So, ironically I had just read the owner’s manual last week to this car I’m driving (don’t ask) and so I knew where the tire and jack were located. I found them and decided to stare at them awhile while debating what to do. I then decided to call everybody I knew in the area to see if anybody was still home/awake/around/had the ability to do it for me. As 8am is wont to do, there was nobody around. So I stared at it for a few minutes longer and fortunately for all involved, a nice man who lived down the road pulled over and helped me. It took him an hour however because the jack was one of those cheap-o jacks they *have* to put in a car to appease the masses and every time we got the car in the air it would topple over (the jack, not the car). However, I finally made it to the airport.
The Flight: After finally finishing up all my paperwork for the flight, I headed up into the air. Around my airport it was a little hazy but the outlook was good, and usually it clears off as the day gets later. So I takeoff in high spirits, and as I fly farther and farther out, I begin to realize that the cloud layer beneath me is getting thicker and thicker. What was just wisps of clouds dotting the landscape is now a thick, white layer of puff that seems to stretch on for miles. So, I did the smart thing and turned around. That said, I have a hard time finding my Small Town Airport– so that I found it I’m pretty sure is pure luck.
The Second Flight: After landing, I had the choice of waiting it out or going home. So, since it was 9:30 in the morning- I figured that waiting it out could hardly ruin any plans I had for the rest of the day since any plans I tend to make start post-noon. So by one o’clock, the weather had cleared up and I took off towards my destination, arriving safely back home about 2 or so hours later.
Planning: The planning part of a cross country is kind of labor intensive. So I’m going to start at the beginning and work my way through. The first step is to plan where you’re going. So, this is where the picture I posted comes into play. Though, as noted, this isn’t the trip I planned, it is a good example. You find the airport you’re going to and you draw a line through it with a highlighter. Then you use your plotter and mark out the distances, which are the little tickmarks you see that say “10/20/30″ on them. You mark it starting at the airport you’re going to towards the airport you’re coming from so when you look at the chart you can say to yourself “oh, I have 10 more miles to go” not “oh, I’ve gone 40 miles” — because it’s far more important to know how far you have to go then how far you’ve come (remember that kiddies… live in the present and future, not in the past.)
So, after that is complete you search your path for “checkpoints.” These can be cities, other airports, rivers, lakes, dams, water towers, giant sewage plants– basically, whatever you can see from the air. I chose two cities and the big part of the lake leading the airport, as you can see (they’re circled). The next step is to write all this down on a Flight Log. I would put one up, but my scanner’s a weenie.
WxBrief: Before you go on any long flight, it’s a good idea to call the weather briefers. They’re basically a bunch of people who sit in a station and wait for people such as myself to call in and ask them about the weather. It’s a bit like talking to a usually friendly computer. Occasionally you get the chatty briefer, but in general, it’s short and sweet. You call 1800 WxBrief, and when you get a hold of your briefer. You say (in my case): “Hi, I’m a student pilot flying a *insert plane type*, number *insert plane identifier* flying VFR from *your airport* to *the other airport* at 3,000 feet. I’m departing at *insert time* and I’d like a Standard Briefing please.”
Then they say “Okay, let me see what I have here.” And then they tell you everything you could ever need to know about your flight. They will tell you all your pressure zones, fronts, winds, weather, traffic advisories, if lights are out on towers or airports, if runways are inactive. Literally everything you need to know. If you get a chatty briefer, you end up on the phone for 25 minutes discussing the merits of GPS flying over actually learning how to read the instruments in yoru plane. It’s a hoot.
Flight Log: After you have all this information, you devote yourself to your flight log. A flight log is not necessary, but it is helpful in organizing your trip. It is a chart that has spaces for all the information you will need and you just fill it in as you go along. The top half is devoted to winds, headings and fuel. Using your compass rose, you check the direction you think you’ll be flying. I’m going to estimate about 25 degrees because North is straight up and you’re flying a N/E -ish heading. Then you write in your wind direction and how fast it’s going. Then you use your “flight computer” (there are actually electronic ones, but I use my trusty plastic one. It’s like a calculator vs. an abacus) to figure out how the winds that day will affect your flight. Because if you think about it, if you’re flight N/E and the winds are blowing from the West, you will obviously have to fly a slightly different heading to make up for the fact because if you stay on your 25 degree heading, you’ll end up 3 airports to the East. How much wind and what direction also tells you how fast your plane will be going and then how much fuel you will burn while flying. So it’s all very important.
The bottom half of the Flight Log has a list starting with your departure point and continuing with your checkpoints along the way, ending with yout destination of course. It has columns alongside those checkpoints for Radio Frequencies, distances from each check point, your estimated time between each point (you have a timer in the plane), pattern altitudes for your airport/s and a little section for notes. You fill all that out based on how fast you’re going, what your checkpoints are, etc.
Once you have that filled out, and aside from some very technical things that would be hard to explain without you being in the cockpit of the plane with me so I could demonstrate, you pretty much are ready to go. You take your chart, plotter (in case you need it again) and your Flight Log with you and you’re off!
As you fly, you use your instruments and also your chart to make sure you’re going the right direction, you time the distance between each checkpoint, and when you pass over it, you re-start the timer. You write down your actual time (vs. your predicted time) and then you have an idea of how fast you’re actually going. In case of emergency you always have to look outside for a place to land, and monitor your altitude, so you don’t get too high or low, you also obviously check periodically for other traffic. To do this you scan visually, but also set your radios for whatever area you’re flying over, that way you know if somebody is trying to land or take off at the airport you’re using as one of your checkpoints. You have a secondary airport in case landing at your primary isn’t going to work out (too windy/fuel problem/emergency/etc.) and in case you get lost, you should have the radio frequency written down to the nearest airport that offers Radar service. Radar will allow the airport to give you a number to put in your transponder and when you tune your transponder with the 4-digit number, they will be able to see you on their screen. When this happens, the controller should be able to tell you which direction you need to fly to find your airport. When the airport is in sight, you discontinue the radar service. It’s kind of like stopping to ask for directions at the nearest Travel Information Center along the highway.
So there you are. The Reader’s Digest version of how to plan a cross country trip. The hardest part I think is picking Checkpoints. You always have to make sure that they’re something you really will be able to see- the lake you pick has to be a very distinct shape, the road you pick can’t look just like the road 5 miles north of it, and you have to know basics like that a grass strip is harder to spot than a paved one because when you’re in a state reknown for its flatlands and farming… grass is everywhere.
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